Research Progress of Regulation of Driving Forces in Short Peptide Supramolecular Self-Assembly北大核心CSCD

Some short peptides can spontaneously self-assemble into various nanostructures via the synergistic driving forces of non-covalent interactions. These non-covalent interactions,including electrostatic interaction,hydrogen bonding,aromatic interactions and other non-covalent interactions,are usually highly coupled together. Through rational sequence design and proper modification of short peptide molecules,the driving forces could be regulated purposively,and the nanostructures and morphologies of the self-assemblies could be controlled accordingly,and thus so as to achieve the fabrication of peptide-based supramolecular biomaterials and develop their functions. In this paper,the effects of hydrogen bonding,π-π stacking, electrostatic interaction,hydrophobic interaction,metal ion coordination and chiral center on the self-assembly behavior of peptide self-assembly have been reviewed. The driving force regulation strategies, including sequence design,pH and concentration adjustment and metal ion coordination,and the resulted nanostructures have also been discussed. We also make the outlooks on the development of peptide-based supramolecular biomaterials with specific functions in biomedicines and biocatalysis. © 2022, Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

在封闭结构中水对爆炸冲击波的削波、减压作用

采用数值方法计算了封闭矩形空间中布置在炸药周围的水对爆炸冲击波的削波作用以及对于气室压力的削减作用。计算结果显示 ,在各种不同的载荷密度和水 /药质量比参数条件下 ,冲击波峰值压力和气室压力均得到明显的削减。还计算了一个具有开口的模型隧道中水的削波作用 ,并将计算结果与实验测量数据进行了比较。     

45~#碳钢表面激光铬镍合金化及其耐磨性的研究

作者利用1.1kW CO_2激光器对45~#碳钢表面进行了激光铬镍合金化处理。通过对合金层的成分和相组织分析,以及对合金层和基体的硬度与耐磨性的研究认为,激光铬镍合金化层的组织是胞状枝晶,其相组成为马氏体加残余奥氏体。测试结果表明,合金层的显微硬度是45~#碳钢基体的2～3倍,耐磨性也明显地比基体材料的好。     

水中爆炸冲击波传播规律的实验研究

采用PCB138压力传感器对炸药水中爆炸冲击波的远场压力进行测量,得到水中爆炸冲击波峰值压力和衰减时间常数,据此计算得到CB-01传爆药水中爆炸冲击波的相似常数k和α。初步掌握了水中爆炸冲击波的实验方法,对炸药水中爆炸冲击波的传播规律有了进一步的认识。     

等截面梁有限变形的传递函数增量算法

本文介绍了一种计算等截面梁有限变形的新方法－传递函数增量算法，它是一种半解析数值计算方法。此算法充分利用增量失空法Ｇａｕｓｓ求积公式计算非线性有限变形的特点，并将这些特点与传递函数方法，有效地结合起来，既避免了数值方法计算量大的困难，又使得求解高阶非线性微分方程的解析解成为可能，算例分析表明，这是一种易编程，计算量小，收敛快，求解精度高的行之有效的计算方法。     

Bifurcation of flow and mass transport in a curved blood vessel

A numerical analysis of flow and concentration fields of macromolecules in a, slightly curved blood vessel was carried out. Based on these results, the effect of the bifurcation of a flow on the mass transport in a curved blood vessel was discussed. The macromolecules turned out to be easier to deposit in the inner part of the curved blood vessel near the critical Dean number. Once the Dean number is higher than the critical number, the bifurcation of the flow appears. This bifurcation can prevent macromolecules from concentrating in the inner part of the curved blood vessel. This result is helpful for understanding the possible correlations between the blood dynamics and atherosclerosis. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10002003), JSPS Postdoctoral Fellowship for Foreign Researcher and Foundation for University Teachers, the Ministry of Education     

用PVDF实时测量激光诱导的冲击波压力

本文用自己研制的ＰＶＤＦ（ｐｏｌｙｖｅｎｙｌｉｄｅｎｆｌｕｏｒｉｄｅ）压电传感器测量了０．２ｍｍ厚铝和２．０８ｍｍ厚Ｔ３００／环氧复合材料中激光诱导的冲击波压力，首次获得了这些材料中激光冲击波压力的时间演化波形。实验在中国科大强激光实验室的ＹＡＧ脉冲激光器上进行，激光波长１．０６μｍ，脉宽３３ｎｓ，靶面平均功率密度为１０９Ｗ／ｃｍ２量级。从所得数据估计了表面入射压力，其值与已有结果符合良好。实验结果证实，ＰＶＤＦ压电传感器频响高，量程宽，多次使用重复性好，可有效应用于激光冲击波压力的实时测量     

用多色染色理论实现有限元刚度矩阵并行组集

根据多色染色理论，在同一节点有任意多个单元邻接的情况下，对有限元的单元进行了分类；在刚度矩阵组集时，同类单元可以并行计算，从而提高了组集效率．该并行算法在PVM(并行虚拟机器)并行平台上进行了具体实现，取得了较好的并行效率．     

大雷诺数线性剪切流绕圆柱的分离流动

本文采用离散涡方法计算了大雷诺数下线性剪切流绕圆柱的分离流动,计算结果给出阻力系数、横向力系数、边界层分离点、斯特罗哈数及尾流中旋涡的分布图案,计算数据与已有的实验数据相吻合。     

双机头电脑刺绣机横梁的模态分析

以GY902A型电脑刺绣机的主横梁作为研究对象，分别运用实验测试和有限元模拟方法分析了电脑刺绣机横梁弯曲振动的固有频率，并利用经过验证的有限元模型，在计算机上作了结构改进仿真设计，实现了在不改变电脑刺绣机重量的前提下，电脑刺绣机横梁的固有频率提高22％，使电脑刺绣机更不易发生共振．